![]() ![]() Half of the remaining population is in Tanzania, and smaller viable populations remain in Kenya, South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Namibia. Lions have been totally eliminated in North Africa, and only relict populations remain in West and Central Africa. Estimates based on experts’ best guesses and estimates vary from one to another and are no doubt at an all-time low range between 16,500 and 47,000. Over the past 50 years, wild lion numbers in Africa have decreased from over 200,000 to less than 20,000 today. It is therefore important to provide baseline data on ecological and population characteristics to guide long term conservation of the species Although we have no reliable data on Africa-wide lion populations prior to the late 20th century, there is agreement that numbers have been in steady decline. Tourism is a growing industry in southern Africa and predators are arguably a great attraction to national parks in Sub Saharan Africa. Lions are of great aesthetic appeal and financial value. The Zambian Government has lifted the hunting of the big cats after a ban of two years Zambia has lifted a ban on safari hunting after it caused financial problems for the country.The reasons were not given but the motive appears to be based on revenue collection (Kachingwe on line ). This decline can be attributed to an increased conflict with human development. Lions and other large carnivores in Sub-Saharan Africa have showed a marked reduction in numbers and distribution during the past five decades. They are, also, favourite characters in folklore and are wildly used in symbolisms. As such, they are a major tourist attraction to the Game Reserves. The lions are admired for their beauty, majesty, hunting skills, and strength. ![]() However, lions, as a species, are endangered and are close to extinction in many countries. Mature male lions are unique among big cats due the thick brown or black manes that encircle their necks and protect them while fighting. Lions vary in colour but typically sport light yellow-brown coats. The lion possesses beauty and strength and is a cunning hunter. It is renowned for its majesty and is nicknamed "the king of the jungle". The African lion (Panthera Leo Leo) is one of the four big cats in Africa. ![]() However, the values calculated for precession within the Serpent Series are far more accurate than those of their contemporaries, surpassed only by Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler in the late sixteenth century.Abstract In recent weeks the plight of the African Lion has been in discussion about its fast dwindling numbers, its contribution to tourism, its place as s trophy and whether it should be conserved or not. These observations can be compared to those of Hipparchus, who first recorded the precession of the equinoxes in ancient Greece. Namely, Maya astronomers recorded their observations of the sidereal position of total lunar eclipses at fixed points within the tropical year. Furthermore, the data contained within the Serpent Series can be used to reconstruct the means used by the Maya to calculate precession. The remainder of the dates in the Serpent Series strongly support this proposal, demonstrating not only repeating sidereal positions of the sun over tens of thousands of years, but also an extensive knowledge of lunar motion, eclipse cycles, and planetary cycles of Mars, Saturn, and Venus that are comparable to current measurements. Because it takes approximately seventy-one years for the annual sidereal position of the sun to shift by one day of precession, an accurate calculation of precession requires hundreds of years of recorded observations. Such an accurate calculation suggests that the Maya were observing and recording the precession of the equinoxes. This unique interval of more than 15,000 years is almost exactly a whole multiple of the sidereal year, returning the sun to precisely the same position against the background of stars, while the position in the tropical year shifts dramatically. This dissertation project examines the Serpent Series in detail, beginning with a new interpretation of the initial repeated distance number on pages 61 and 69. Beyer first named this sequence the Serpent Series because its component numerals are written within the coils of undulating serpents. Hermann Beyer (1943) first demonstrated that a sequence of unusually long intervals of time found within the Dresden Codex describe specific dates separated by intervals of over 30,000 years. The Postclassic Maya Dresden Codex contains extensive astronomical records in the form of calendrical and chronological intervals concerning multiple cycles of the sun, the moon, and several visible planets. ![]()
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